Cultural Views

A value that could be observed and modified within American culture is the non-questioning nature towards authority figures even when approached with controversial actions made by these figures. An example of this seen are the GRATS and Operation Hammer projects by police within the LAPD. As well, these actions are seen with Proposition 9066 and the internment of Japanese-American citizens through FDR's approval of this proposition without proper reason even during the protests against the Holocaust. Although, holding authority as a value is important, realizing when authority is abusing its power is also important.

The American Dream Reinvented

Within the latest recession, the American Dream, although ever altering with each generation, has changed in the aspect of this dream dissipating with the hardship that comes. The dream in many aspects is something that is attainable with little work, and if there aren't too many obstacles in the way of this dream, many people keep on striving to achieve it. However, with the recent events at hand with the recession, many don't see an easy path to finding this success and instead find the American Dream as absent or almost impossible to obtain. In this, the American Dream hasn't been reinvented with the events at hand because most people are unwilling to adopt to it or change their ideals. Instead, the dream is something placed on the side and deemed as lost, something that is no longer attainable in the sense that most people want to attain it.

 

However, in relativity, as conditions rise due to surrounding circumstances, many people even if the dream is more difficult to achieve than in previous generations, will look to the dream as being achievable because of its achievability earlier on. In this aspect, all it will take for people to start believing in the dream again and to return to the promise of it will be for economic hardships to disappear and situations to better. At this time, the dream has been abandoned by many because naivety and facilitated happiness and success are what characterize the dream which isn't present at this moment. As time goes on, however, and achieving success and economic happiness become easier, the dream will be possible by many and looked positively on. For now, though, the dream remains in a negative light for its false happiness and hope.

The American Dream

The American Dream is fully possible for everyone depending on realistic expectations for one's own ability and strengths, surrounding environment, and situational economics at the time. The dream is relative for each person and what each person is searching for. If a person is disillusioned into believing that  the "American Dream" is easy and effortless to seek, then there is a high probability that they will fail in their efforts to find their dream. Many don't realize that they must work hard to achieve this dream, and instead abandon their traditional ways for this easy-seeming solutions while later realizing in retrospect that to gain these new opportunities they must put in effort to achieve their desired futures. However, because of unrealistic expectations many don't reach their own American Dream as it exceed reality.   

Depending on the person, the American Dream can consist of cultural, economic, or political ideals. I feel that the American Dream resonates with most people economically especially with America thriving on its capitalistic nature. To achieve status and also comfort, people must gain economic standing and stability. Statistics show that people of lower economic status have a tendency to not go as far in education and thus later on in life, usually not have high-paying careers. In order to achieve most dreams, whether it is fame, career, or even to provide for one's family, economic standing is a necessary step to getting there.
Education based off Economic Class Statistics

The Zoots

Research within this subject exposed to me the horrific events that are desensitized or even obscured within history books. World War II was a time of nationalism and the injustices that occurred to various civilians contrasted with the heroism of America, so these events were covered up to preserve feelings of being the better guys. During this period of anger and suspicion, much of patriotism and protection towards an area was confused with nationalism and racism against a differing group of people. Within the actions that occurred during the Zoot Suit Riots, the line between nationalism and patriotism was blurred. As well, The Zoot Suit Riots brought attention to the national public the corrupt political, governmental, and law-abiding systems within Los Angeles as well as racial inequality and discrimination during the twentieth century towards minority groups.

  

The Zoot Suit Riots revealed to me the actions people take when given either power or even obscure situations that they don't comprehend how to approach or handle. When given power, people do have the ability to choose not only their own but also their society’s voice. In the situation of a minority group with an unfamiliar culture in the midst of a dominant group, it is in this dominant group's power to assist in just reactions towards this group during moments of suspicion or even hesitation. The Zoot Suit Riots showed me how the the dominant group, middle class Caucasians, through jealousy and suspicion of the Mexican-American teenage minority, brought violence and hatred, limiting and hurting innocent people because of a patriotism that turned xenophobic.

Throughout history, cultures are discriminated against and political figures allow for this behavior, and as the aftermath shows from these riots, it’s up to these figures to speak out and reveal unacceptable behavior. Zoot Suits for me exemplified behaviors within cultures and groups of people and how certain actions are due not from universal human traits but rather from cultural values and differences. These riots showed me how history repeats itself, and in this case how people have a natural pattern of practicing violence and exclusion towards a specific group and justify their actions with patriotism (although it can be more xenophobic than patriotic). It also shows how political figures can cover up these actions to make it seem as if they are justified and consequently show the subjectivity of history as they make events more benign than they actually are.

Zoot Suit Riots!

Zoot Suits represented a Mexican-American teenage cultural fashion that was made out of material that was discouraged from purchasing during World War II due to rations. Amongst Mexican-Americans continuing to wear this material as well as the racial tensions that had been building up within Los Angeles, a city that contained a high percentage of Latinos within the 1940s, due to job displacement and negative media from the Los Angeles Times, there was sparked hatred towards Mexican-Americans especially those who wore these zoot suits. 

When June 3, 1943 came around, many navy sailors on the streets turned their hatred into violence and sadistically harassed, humiliated, and beat hundreds of Zoot Suit wearers. Throughout this whole ordeal, policemen watched and turned the other way, approving of the actions of the sailors. Even after, some of the officials within the judicial system blamed those wearing Zoot Suits for these riots or didn't properly distribute punishments to those who participated in the violence to innocent citizens. Although Mexican-Americans fought in self-defense from those targeting minorities throughout those few days, the policemen ended up arresting primarily those who were of Latino descent.

Through the events at hand, one can look back at Los Angeles history and see the racial tensions and inequalities that plagued the lives of minorities and caucasians. History is important in this case because it shows us mistakes within courts and authorities, and that with power comes responsibility to treat every person, no matter if different in any sense, equally. It also shows the cruelty within human nature when given persuasion through media as well as a situation that creates jealousy or competition when a group shows differences within culture. Much of the country as this time was facing discourse with civil rights, and California and Los Angeles was specifically faced with racial discrimination concerning Latinos and Mexican-Americans.

Through my research, I will look for different perceptions of the Zoot Suit Riots, especially of those who were harassed as well as those who contributed to the injustices. I want to look for discriminations against minorities within Southern California during the 20th century in general as well as the Latino community. I also want to find through my research how the civil rights of the Mexican-Americans has changed since the Riots and to what extent was justice served after the Zoot Suit Riots.

Primary Sources of Zoot Suiters

Functions of a Public Space

These are some of the factors that are incorporated within a public space:

Aesthetics: Many public spaces try to appeal to a certain audience by containing specific features that would attract one body of people particularly. A great public space would be able to incorporate features that would attract multiple audiences, unless the function of that public space is to exclude certain groups of people. Aesthetics are usually utilized within public spaces that have a greater function than to contain a group of people and have the ability to go beyond the function by giving a look to it. Although aesthetics may not serve a function for the people of the space, it does serve to bring awareness to a space. Most spaces with little decor or thought into the building are for the general public, while those that incorporate lights and other extraneous extravagances attract those of a higher class who can afford to go there.

Availability/Accessibility: The function of a public space is limited to a certain group of people if they are unable to arrive at that public space. Location and spatial organization affects whether a space is limiting a certain group of people from utilizing that space. For example, if a place is located within a residential neighborhood and is considered public because it is not closed off from the public but doesn't have any bus stops in proximity to it, then it is limiting outsiders from coming into that community. Public places that don't have modes of transportation accessible to outsiders serve the function of catering to the direct community.

Safety: Depending on how large the public space is and who it is directed for, safety becomes a large issue. If the public space is catering towards families and children, then the public space may have obvious security that pushes away delinquents but also is comforting to those who are utilizing that space. In the above photograph, the police men are on horses to represents a barrier and threat to those who want to cause disruption to that community but by sitting on horses and strolling around the streets it gives an ambience of peace that won't disrupt the citizens daily lives and thoughts. Depending on the funds of the area as well as the reputation of an area, the safety can either be more abrupt, less frequent, or more hidden.

Activities (cost benefit): The activities of a place determine the function of a place the most. The function of a place could be for a certain economic class or age group depending on the activities present. Places, such as L.A. Live, are considered public, but only those with money would want to attend L.A. Live because the activities are limited to shopping and eating at high-scale places. Public places that don't have any cost may attract people from all economic backgrounds and age groups, such as parks. Places can limit their audience through what is available.

Santa Monica Pier

When visiting Santa Monica, I was able to catch a certain ambience portrayed. I visited in the beginning of February, yet the sky only had light wisps of clouds and there were people bustling on the streets, malls, and sand as if it was summer. An out-of-state USC graduate student I ran into described Santa Monica as the "image of California, what you imagine California to be like before you arrive here."

Santa Monica seems to be a place that promotes healthiness and safety. The public and more accessible portions of the beach contain exercise areas with paths for both bikes and walking. Smoking is prohibited in almost all areas of the tourist attraction areas of Santa Monica. The beaches, malls, and streets leading up to the beaches contain signs that show no smoking. As well, across all ends of the beach are signs that note rules that must be followed, including no drinking or profane activity, showing that the city of Santa Monica wants to emphasize on its family orientation.

Safety is exemplified through the security cameras placed throughout the streets. As well, there is law enforcement on non-imposing modes of transportations such as bikes. In more private places, cop cars were present to ward off suspicious characters.

Official Santa Monica Website

history of Santa Monica